Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 3600C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000CA83

Notes:

Residence:
Bletsoe

Family/Spouse: Unknown. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 3100C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000C533

Family/Spouse: Oliver St John. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 2600C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000BA83

Notes:

Portrait:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Family/Spouse: 2nd Duke of Suffolk John de la Pole. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Knight Edmund Tudor in 1455. Edmund was born about 1430 in Hadham, Hertfordshire; died on 3 Nov 1456 in Probably in Carmarthen Castle; was buried in Greyfriars, Carmarthen. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Henry Stafford before 1464. Henry (son of 1st Duke of Buckingham Humphrey Stafford) died on 4 Oct 1471. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married 2nd Lord Stanley Thomas Stanley before Oct 1473. Thomas (son of Thomas Stanley, Knight Lord of Lathom and Joan Goushill) was born about 1435; died on 29 Jul 1504 in Lathom; was buried in Burscough Priory, Lancashire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: A2220CEE05D7D711BA228E18B8357A36A187

Notes:

Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England, Prince of Wales [1] (until 29th November, 1489) and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor.

Henry won the throne when his forces defeated the forces of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Henry was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III. Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. He founded the Tudor dynasty and, after a reign of nearly 24 years, was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.

Although Henry can be credited with the restoration of political stability in England, and a number of commendable administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives, the latter part of his reign was characterised by a financial greed which stretched the bounds of legality. The capriciousness and lack of due process which indebted many in England were soon ended upon Henry VII's death after a commission revealed widespread abuses.[2] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" in large part underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years.

Death mask:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Henry married Elizabeth Plantagenet, of York on 18 Jan 1486. Elizabeth (daughter of King Edward York, King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville) was born on 11 Feb 1465 in Westminster Palace; died on 11 Feb 1503. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Knight of the Bath, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester
• Title: Knight of the Garter
• _UID: 6A00C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000FEC3

Notes:

Portrait:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Died:
in his father's lifetime, without issue

Arthur married Catherine of Aragon on 14 Nov 1501 in St Paul's Cathedral, London. Catherine (daughter of King Ferdinand V of Castile and Aragon Ferdinand of Aragon, - King Ferdinand V of Castile and Aragon and Isabella of Castile) was born on 5 Dec 1485 in Alcalá de Henares, near Madrid; died on (6 Jan 1535/1536) in Kimbolton Castle; was buried in Peterborough Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: D000C4FC09D7D711BA224445535400006423

Margaret married James IV of Scotland James Stewart on 8 Aug 1503 in Abbey Church of Holyrood. James was born on (17 Mar 1472/1473); died on 9 Sep 1513 in Flodden. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Earl of Angus [Scotland] Archibald Douglas on 6 Aug 1514 in Kinnoull Chapel. Archibald (son of Styled Master of Angus or Lord Douglas George Douglas and Elizabeth Drummond) was born about 1490; died in (Jan 1556/1557) in Tantallon Castle; was buried in Abernethy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Lord Methven Henry Stewart in (Mar 1527/1528). Henry (son of Lord Avondale Andrew Stewart and Margaret Kennedy) died (Soon after 10 October 1551). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 4400C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000D863

Notes:

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later assumed the Kingship, of Ireland, and continued the nominal claim by English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, Henry VII.

Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. His disagreements with the Pope led to his separation of the Church of England from papal authority, with himself, as king, as the Supreme Head of the Church of England and to the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Because his principal dispute was with papal authority, rather than with doctrinal matters, he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings despite his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church.[1] Henry oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. He is also well known for a long personal rivalry with both Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, his contemporaries with whom he frequently warred.

Domestically, Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution, ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings to England. Besides asserting the sovereign's supremacy over the Church of England, thus initiating the English Reformation, he greatly expanded royal power. Charges of treason and heresy were commonly used to quash dissent, and those accused were often executed without a formal trial, by means of bills of attainder. He achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers, some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour. Figures such as Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, Richard Rich, and Thomas Cranmer figured prominently in Henry's administration. An extravagant spender, he used the proceeds from the Dissolution of the Monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament to convert to royal revenue money formerly paid to Rome. Despite the influx of money from these sources, Henry was continually on the verge of financial ruin, due to his personal extravagance, as well as his numerous costly continental wars.

His contemporaries considered Henry in his prime to be an attractive, educated and accomplished king, and he has been described as "one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne".[2] Besides ruling with considerable power, he was also an author and composer. His desire to provide England with a male heir – which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly from his belief that a daughter would be unable to consolidate Tudor power and maintain the fragile peace that existed following the Wars of the Roses[3] – led to the two things for which Henry is most remembered: his six marriages and his break with the Pope (who would not allow an annulment of Henry's first marriage) and the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the English Reformation. Henry became severely obese and his health suffered, contributing to his death in 1547. He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king.[4] He was succeeded by his son Edward VI.

see : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England

Henry married Catherine of Aragon on 11 Jun 1509 in Greyfriars, Greenwich. Catherine (daughter of King Ferdinand V of Castile and Aragon Ferdinand of Aragon, - King Ferdinand V of Castile and Aragon and Isabella of Castile) was born on 5 Dec 1485 in Alcalá de Henares, near Madrid; died on (6 Jan 1535/1536) in Kimbolton Castle; was buried in Peterborough Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Queen Consort Anne Boleyn, Marchioness of Pembroke in (ABT 25 Jan 1532/1533) in Whitehall. Anne (daughter of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire, Earl of Ormond [Ireland] and Viscount Rochford and Elizabeth Howard) died on 19 May 1536 in Tower Green, London; was buried in St Peter's in the Tower. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Jane Seymour on 30 May 1536. Jane (daughter of John Seymour and Margery Wentworth) died on 24 Oct 1537. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Anne of Cleves on 6 Jan 1539/40. Anne was born on 22 Sep 1515; died on 16 Jul 1557; was buried on 3 Aug 1557 in Westminster Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine Howard on 28 Jul 1540. Catherine (daughter of Edmund Howard) was born about 1520; died on (13 Feb 1541/2) in Tower of London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine Parr on 12 Jul 1543. Catherine (daughter of Sir Thomas Parr and Maud Green) was born in 1512 in Blackfriars, London, England; died on 5 Sep 1548 in Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England; was buried in Sudeley Castle. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Blount. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Mary Boleyn. Mary (daughter of Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire, Earl of Ormond [Ireland] and Viscount Rochford and Elizabeth Howard) died on 19 Jul 1543. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 8600C4FC09D7D711BA224445535400001A83

Notes:

Buried:
Later removed to St Mary's church, Bury St Edmunds

Family/Spouse: King Louis XII of France Louis of Valois. Louis died on (1 Jan 1514/1515). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Viscount Lisle Charles Brandon in (AFT 4 Feb 1514/5) in Probably the Hotel Cluny, Paris. Charles (son of William Brandon and Elizabeth Bruyn) was born about 1484; died on 22 Aug 1545 in Guildford Palace, Surrey; was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 6800C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000FCA3

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: E62E9C1D51DAD711BA22444553540000EC33

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: E82E9C1D51DAD711BA22444553540000EE53

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: EA2E9C1D51DAD711BA22444553540000F073

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: EC2E9C1D51DAD711BA22444553540000F293
• Coronation: Sep 1513, Stirling

James married Madeleine of Valois on (1 Jan 1536/1537) in Nôtre Dame Cathedral, Paris. Madeleine (daughter of King Francis I of France Francis of Valois) was born in Aug 1520; died on 7 Jul 1537 in Holyrood. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

James married Mary of Lorraine in Jun 1538 in St Andrews. Mary died on 10 Jun 1560 in Edinburgh Castle. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: EE2E9C1D51DAD711BA22444553540000F4B3

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: F02E9C1D51DAD711BA22444553540000F6D3

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: F22E9C1D51DAD711BA22444553540000F8F3

Margaret married Earl of Lennox Matthew Stuart on 6 Jul 1544. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 7500C4FC09D7D711BA224445535400000973

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 7700C4FC09D7D711BA224445535400000B93

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 539304CACCDAD711BA22B8E68CB2433572C1

Notes:

Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. Her executions of Protestants caused her opponents to give her the sobriquet "Bloody Mary".

She was the only child of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon who survived to adulthood. Her younger half-brother Edward VI (son of Henry and Jane Seymour) succeeded their father in 1547. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because of religious differences. On his death their first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, was initially proclaimed queen. Mary assembled a force in East Anglia and successfully deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda—the first queen regnant of England. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556.

As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her half-brother. During her five-year reign, she had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions. Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed after her death in 1558 by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn.

Portraits:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Mary married King Philip II of Spain Philip of Hapsburg on 25 Jul 1554 in Winchester Cathedral. Philip was born on 21 May 1527; died on 13 Sep 1598. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Queen Elizabeth I
• _UID: 519304CACCDAD711BA22B8E68CB2433570A1

Notes:

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, the childless Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.

Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII by second wife, Anne Boleyn, who was executed two and a half years after Elizabeth's birth. Anne's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, ruled until his death in 1553, bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters, Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary, in spite of statute law to the contrary. Edward's will was set aside and Mary became queen, deposing Lady Jane Grey. During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.

In 1558, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel.[1] She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers, led by William Cecil, Baron Burghley. One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line. She never did, despite numerous courtships. As she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity. A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, and literature of the day.

In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been.[2] One of her mottoes was "video et taceo" ("I see, and say nothing").[3] In religion she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution. After 1570, when the pope declared her illegitimate and released her subjects from obedience to her, several conspiracies threatened her life, all of which were defeated with the help of her ministers' secret service. Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs, manoeuvring between the major powers of France and Spain. She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France, and Ireland. By the mid-1580s, England could no longer avoid war with Spain. England's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history.

Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era. The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake. Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler,[4] who enjoyed more than her share of luck. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor in an era when government was ramshackle and limited, and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones. Such was the case with Elizabeth's rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, whom she imprisoned in 1568 and had executed in 1587. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity.

Portraits:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 7900C4FC09D7D711BA224445535400000DB3

Notes:

Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine.[1] The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch raised as a Protestant. During Edward's reign, the realm was governed by a Regency Council because he never reached his majority. The Council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, (1547–1549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick, from 1551 Duke of Northumberland.

Edward's reign was marked by economic problems and social unrest that, in 1549, erupted into riot and rebellion. An expensive war with Scotland, at first successful, ended with military withdrawal from Scotland as well as Boulogne-sur-Mer in exchange for peace. The transformation of the Church into a recognisably Protestant body also occurred under Edward, who took great interest in religious matters. Although his father, Henry VIII, had severed the link between the Church of England and Rome, Henry VIII had never permitted the renunciation of Catholic doctrine or ceremony. It was during Edward's reign that Protestantism was established for the first time in England with reforms that included the abolition of clerical celibacy and the Mass and the imposition of compulsory services in English. The architect of these reforms was Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose Book of Common Prayer is still used.

In February 1553, at age 15, Edward fell ill. When his sickness was discovered to be terminal, he and his Council drew up a "Devise for the Succession," attempting to prevent the country's return to Catholicism. Edward named his first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, as his heir and excluded his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. However, this decision was disputed following Edward's death, and Jane was deposed by Mary within 13 days. As queen, Mary reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which nonetheless became the basis of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559.

see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Earl of Nottingham and Duke of Richmond and Somerset
• _UID: 5B00C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000EFD3

Notes:

Illegitimate

Portrait:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Died:
without issue

Family/Spouse: Mary Howard. Mary (daughter of Lord Howard Thomas Howard and Elizabeth Stafford) died on 9 Dec 1557. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 4D9304CACCDAD711BA22B8E68CB243356C61

Notes:

Parentage doubtful

Family/Spouse: Anne Morgan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 4F9304CACCDAD711BA22B8E68CB243356E81

Notes:

Parentage doubtful

Catherine married Francis Knollys before May 1540. Francis died on 19 Jul 1596. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Earl of Lincoln
• _UID: A25AFAACC0D7D711BA22A293179F6D368BBC

Notes:

Died:
unmarried and in his father's lifetime

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: A45AFAACC0D7D711BA22A293179F6D368DDC

Frances married Marquess of Dorset Henry Grey in (Early in May 1533) in Probably at Southwark. Henry (son of Marquess of Dorset and Lord Ferrers (of Groby) Thomas Grey and Margaret Wotton) was born on 17 Jan 1517; died on (23 Feb 1553/1554) in Tower Hill, London. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Frances married Adrian Stokes before 1557. Adrian died on 3 Nov 1585. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 2DEDCE57CFD7D711BA22ACE9C2156A36B5F6

Notes:

Died:
without surviving male issue

Eleanor married Earl of Cumberland Henry Clifford in (Summer 1537) in Suffolk Place, London. Henry died on (2 Jan 1569/1570) in Brougham Castle; was buried in Skipton, Yorkshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]