Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 7900C4FC09D7D711BA224445535400000DB3

Notes:

Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine.[1] The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch raised as a Protestant. During Edward's reign, the realm was governed by a Regency Council because he never reached his majority. The Council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, (1547–1549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick, from 1551 Duke of Northumberland.

Edward's reign was marked by economic problems and social unrest that, in 1549, erupted into riot and rebellion. An expensive war with Scotland, at first successful, ended with military withdrawal from Scotland as well as Boulogne-sur-Mer in exchange for peace. The transformation of the Church into a recognisably Protestant body also occurred under Edward, who took great interest in religious matters. Although his father, Henry VIII, had severed the link between the Church of England and Rome, Henry VIII had never permitted the renunciation of Catholic doctrine or ceremony. It was during Edward's reign that Protestantism was established for the first time in England with reforms that included the abolition of clerical celibacy and the Mass and the imposition of compulsory services in English. The architect of these reforms was Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose Book of Common Prayer is still used.

In February 1553, at age 15, Edward fell ill. When his sickness was discovered to be terminal, he and his Council drew up a "Devise for the Succession," attempting to prevent the country's return to Catholicism. Edward named his first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, as his heir and excluded his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. However, this decision was disputed following Edward's death, and Jane was deposed by Mary within 13 days. As queen, Mary reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which nonetheless became the basis of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559.

see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 4400C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000D863

Notes:

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later assumed the Kingship, of Ireland, and continued the nominal claim by English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, Henry VII.

Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. His disagreements with the Pope led to his separation of the Church of England from papal authority, with himself, as king, as the Supreme Head of the Church of England and to the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Because his principal dispute was with papal authority, rather than with doctrinal matters, he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings despite his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church.[1] Henry oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. He is also well known for a long personal rivalry with both Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, his contemporaries with whom he frequently warred.

Domestically, Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution, ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings to England. Besides asserting the sovereign's supremacy over the Church of England, thus initiating the English Reformation, he greatly expanded royal power. Charges of treason and heresy were commonly used to quash dissent, and those accused were often executed without a formal trial, by means of bills of attainder. He achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers, some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour. Figures such as Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, Richard Rich, and Thomas Cranmer figured prominently in Henry's administration. An extravagant spender, he used the proceeds from the Dissolution of the Monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament to convert to royal revenue money formerly paid to Rome. Despite the influx of money from these sources, Henry was continually on the verge of financial ruin, due to his personal extravagance, as well as his numerous costly continental wars.

His contemporaries considered Henry in his prime to be an attractive, educated and accomplished king, and he has been described as "one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne".[2] Besides ruling with considerable power, he was also an author and composer. His desire to provide England with a male heir – which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly from his belief that a daughter would be unable to consolidate Tudor power and maintain the fragile peace that existed following the Wars of the Roses[3] – led to the two things for which Henry is most remembered: his six marriages and his break with the Pope (who would not allow an annulment of Henry's first marriage) and the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the English Reformation. Henry became severely obese and his health suffered, contributing to his death in 1547. He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king.[4] He was succeeded by his son Edward VI.

see : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England

Henry married Jane Seymour on 30 May 1536. Jane (daughter of John Seymour and Margery Wentworth) died on 24 Oct 1537. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 4F00C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000E313

Notes:

Jane Seymour (c. 1508 – 24 October 1537) was Queen of England from 1536 to 1537 as the third wife of King Henry VIII. She succeeded Anne Boleyn as queen consort following the latter's execution for high treason, incest and adultery in May 1536. She died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her only child, a son who reigned as Edward VI. She was the only one of Henry's wives to receive a queen's funeral, and his only consort to be buried beside him in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. She was the only wife of Henry VIII whose son survived infancy.

Notes:

Married:
(privately)

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: A2220CEE05D7D711BA228E18B8357A36A187

Notes:

Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England, Prince of Wales [1] (until 29th November, 1489) and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor.

Henry won the throne when his forces defeated the forces of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Henry was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III. Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. He founded the Tudor dynasty and, after a reign of nearly 24 years, was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.

Although Henry can be credited with the restoration of political stability in England, and a number of commendable administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives, the latter part of his reign was characterised by a financial greed which stretched the bounds of legality. The capriciousness and lack of due process which indebted many in England were soon ended upon Henry VII's death after a commission revealed widespread abuses.[2] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" in large part underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years.

Death mask:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Henry married Elizabeth Plantagenet, of York on 18 Jan 1486. Elizabeth (daughter of King Edward York, King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville) was born on 11 Feb 1465 in Westminster Palace; died on 11 Feb 1503. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: A6220CEE05D7D711BA228E18B8357A36A5C7
• Coronation: 25 Nov 1487, Westminster Abbey

Notes:

Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503) was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death. As the wife of Henry VII, she was the first Tudor queen. She was the daughter of Edward IV, niece of Richard III and married the king following Henry's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which ended the Wars of the Roses. She was the mother of Henry VIII.

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 7B00C4FC09D7D711BA224445535400000FD3

Notes:

Residence:
Wolf Hall, Wiltshire

John + Margery Wentworth. Margery (daughter of Henry Wentworth) died in Oct 1550. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 62E872ADF4D7D711BA224445535400002860

Other Events and Attributes:

• Title: Earl of Richmond
• _UID: 2300C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000B753

Notes:

Buried:
His body was removed in 1536 to St David's Cathedral

Edmund married Margaret Beaufort in 1455. Margaret (daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp) was born on 31 May 1443 in Bletsoe; died on 29 Jun 1509; was buried in Westminster Abbey. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 2600C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000BA83

Notes:

Portrait:
Link to Marilee Cody's "Tudor England" website

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: A7E9F64C29D7D711BA22AAFF03D37436BFE7
• Coronation: 28 Jun 1461, Westminster

Notes:

Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was the King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470,[1][2] and again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was the first Yorkist King of England.[3] The first half of his rule was marred by the violence associated with the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to the throne at Tewkesbury in 1471 to reign in peace until his sudden death. Before becoming king, he was 4th Duke of York,[4] 7th Earl of March, 5th Earl of Cambridge and 9th Earl of Ulster. He was also the 65th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England

Edward married Elizabeth Woodville on 1 May 1464 in Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire. Elizabeth (daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta, of Luxembourg) died in Jun 1492 in Bermondsey Abbey; was buried on 12 Jun 1492 in St George's Chapel, Windsor. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Elizabeth Woodville - Queen consort Edward IV
• _UID: AAE9F64C29D7D711BA22AAFF03D37436C217
• Coronation: 26 May 1465, Westminster

Notes:

Married:
(secretly)

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 64E872ADF4D7D711BA224445535400002A80

Notes:

Residence:
Nettlestead, Suffolk

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 2E00C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000C203

John + Margaret Beauchamp. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 3100C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000C533

Notes:

Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), was a leading English magnate, a great-grandson of King Edward III through his father and a great-great-great-grandson of that king through his mother. He inherited great estates, and served in various offices of state in France at the end of the Hundred Years' War, and in England, ultimately governing the country as Lord Protector during Henry VI's madness. His conflicts with Henry's wife, Margaret of Anjou, and other members of Henry's court, as well as his competing claim on the throne, were a leading factor in the political upheaval of mid-fifteenth-century England, and a major cause of the Wars of the Roses. Richard eventually attempted to take the throne but was dissuaded, although it was agreed that he would become King on Henry's death (being Lord Protector and Prince of Wales in the meantime). Within a few weeks of securing this agreement, he died in battle.

Although Richard never became king himself, he was the father of Edward IV and Richard III.

Within a few weeks of Richard of York's death, his eldest surviving son was acclaimed King Edward IV, and finally established the House of York on the throne following a decisive victory over the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton. After an occasionally tumultuous reign, he died in 1483 and was succeeded by his son as Edward V, and York's youngest son succeeded him as Richard III.

Richard of York's grandchildren included Edward V and Elizabeth of York. Elizabeth married Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty, and became the mother of Henry VIII, Margaret Tudor, and Mary Tudor. All subsequent English monarchs have been descendants of Elizabeth of York, and, therefore, of Richard of York.

see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York

Richard + Cecily Neville. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Richard Wydvill

Richard + Jacquetta, of Luxembourg. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Name: Jacqueline de Luxembourg
• _UID: 28EAF64C29D7D711BA22AAFF03D374364106

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 3600C4FC09D7D711BA22444553540000CA83

Notes:

Residence:
Bletsoe

Notes:

Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (c. 20 July 1375 – 5 August 1415) was the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Isabella of Castile. At the age of forty he was beheaded for his part in the Southampton Plot, a conspiracy against King Henry V. He was the father of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and the grandfather of King Edward IV and King Richard III.

Richard + Anne Mortimer. Anne died on 21 Sep 1411; was buried in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• _UID: 2AEAF64C29D7D711BA22AAFF03D374364326